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During the last few years India has maximum increase of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. There are approximate 72.96 million cases of diabetes mellitus in adult population of India. In modern era single anti-diabetic drug is not sufficient for glucose control. These days multidrug therapy is building its popularity for maintaining glycaemic levels. A 59-year-old female presented with known case of Type 2 diabetes with evidence of polyuria, itching over extremities, and fatigue was poorly controlled despite a drug regimen consisting of oral metformin and glimepiride. Her Blood Sugar level was constantly around 200 mg/dl in spite of having modern medicine with adjusted doses. She has administered Nisha-Amalaki Churna with warm water early in the morning along with standard conventional treatment for 8 weeks. The effect of therapy was evaluated at the interval of 4 weeks for 8 weeks which is done on the basis of objective parameters. Objective parameters were fasting and post prandial Blood Sugar Level. Nisha-Amalaki churna has reduced Blood Sugar Level to normal. It also reduced the dose of conventional drug which may cause side effects with long term use. There is a need for combined multidisciplinary treatment to maintain suggested glycaemic control. Thus, the present case study is to understand the significant effect of Nisha-Amalaki as an adjuvant to standard conventional treatment in chronic uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at the oral health problems of elderly patients with diabetes. A training course of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was constructed, helping patients improve their oral health quality of life. METHODS: A randomized controlled prospective experimental study was conducted. A total of 190 elderly patients were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group with 95 cases in each. The control group received regular health education, while the observation group was based on the control group to implement the integrated experiential learning of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in small groups. The oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, and blood glucose control status along with the oral health quality of life of the two groups were compared before the intervention and at 3-month postintervention. RESULTS: Three months after the intervention, the fasting blood glucose control and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose/glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The oral health quality of life in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The small-group experiential learning model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine can promote the transformation of knowledge-beliefs-behaviors in elderly patients with diabetes, which is conducive to controlling blood sugar levels and improving the quality of oral health.
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Humans , Aged , Oral Health , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Quality of Life , China , Prospective Studies , Problem-Based Learning , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Valproic acid (VA) is one of the commonly used for epilepsy, psychiatric problems, and recurrent migraine medication. Long-term use of VA maybe affects the metabolic processes, resulting in the gain of weight and disturbance of glycemic indexes which play an important role in cardiovascular consequences. Unfortunately, these impacts have not been fully understood. The study investigates the long-term impact of VA on the level of fasting blood sugar, 2-hour after-meal blood sugar and HbA1C among adults. Methods: An observational study with the cross-sectional study approach among forty participants (n=21, with less than 1-year medication, and n=19, with the 1 year or more medication) who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The level of fasting blood sugar, 2 hours after-meal blood sugar, and HbA1C levels were examined. The two-independent T-test was performed to determine the statistical differences of the level of the fasting blood sugar, 2-hour after-meal blood sugar, and HbA1C from both groups. Results: There are no significant differences in most of the demographic and clinical characteristics of participants except for age, and there are no significant differences in the level of fasting blood sugar, 2-hour after-meal blood sugar, and HbA1C among both groups. Conclusion: There is no significant impact of long-term VA treatment on the homeostatis of blood sugar among adults measured by the level of fasting blood sugar, 2-hour after-meal blood sugar, and HbA1C.
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Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a spice utilized in Ayurveda, the conventional medication of India. Its root has a horsey smell (in Sanskrit, ashva signifies "horse" and gandha signifies "smell") and is said to present the quality and virility of a pony. Different pieces of the plant are utilized, yet the most well-known in supplements is a concentrate of its underlying foundations. Aim: aim of this study is to compare and assess the awareness among people on the effects of ashwagandha on blood sugar levels. Materials and Methods: A well structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was circulated among Indian population. The questionnaire has covered basic demographic data such as age, gender, weight, blood pressure and about the awareness of effects of ashwagandha on blood sugar levels Conclusion: From the above outcomes, it might be presumed that the Withania somnifera root extract can reduce blood sugar levels. It's mindfulness among individuals must be expanded
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Background: The objective was to measure the correlation between carotid intima medial thickness (CIMT) with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its correlation with biochemical markers and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Total 100 patients were selected randomly who met the inclusion criteria. Among total patients, 20 cases were newly detected type 2 DM patients and 80 were cases of established diabetes, with different duration of DM. CIMT was measured by carotid artery ultrasonography using an echo tomography system having midfrequency of 7.5MhZ and detection limit of 0.1mm. Duration of diabetes was measured as present age minus age of detection of DM. BMI was measured by the guideline of WHO. The parameters were estimated such as microalbuminuria by radioimmunoassay, fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and HbA1C by HPLC method, uric acid by uricase method. Data was collected using a predetermined proforma and statistical analyses were done. Results: Duration of DM was positively correlated with CIMT and association was statistically significant (P<0.02). There was increase in CCA-IMT and ICA-IMT across increasing level of FBS and HbA1c (P<0.01). Microalbuminuria is considered a novel atherosclerotic risk factor, was found significantly associated with mean CIMT (P<0.001). CIMT was also significantly associated with HbA1C (P<0.001). The significantly (P<0.01) increased level of uric acid indicated higher carotid plaque. Conclusion: CIMT is an objective measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, which is a non- invasive, less expensive, duration and reproducible way of demonstrating subclinical atherosclerosis. Thus, it can serve as a window for atherosclerosis status in other major arteries like coronary artery and cerebral arteries. The CIMT is closely associated with several markers viz. uric acid, blood sugar, HbA1c, albumin and BMI during the progression of type 2 DM.
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that leads to hyperglycemia and complications in many organ systems. There are many ways to control hyperglycemia including diet, exercise, drugs, and insulin. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on blood sugar levels and to identify the effects of regular diaphragmatic breathing exercise on HbA1c. Subjects and Methods: The study design used was a randomized controlled trial. Random sampling technique was used. Data was collected from working female nurses of Services Hospital Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore who had type-2 diabetes mellitus. By using Ballot method 64 subjects were selected and equally divided into 2 groups randomly (32 subjects were in an interventional group and 32 in the control group). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mean difference was measured by using independent sample t-test and paired t-test to see the pre and post effects of the same group. Results were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study results indicated that there was a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar level (p=0.009), post prandial blood sugar level (p=0.002) and post interventional blood sugar level (p=0.000) in the 9th week of the activity (breathing exercise). Pre and post the interventional mean difference in fasting blood sugar level was highly significant in the 12th week of intervention (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the results of HbA1c (p=0.963). Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise has favorable effects in controlling blood sugar levels among diabetes type-2 patients if it is combined with other exercises or therapies. Only breathing component cannot maintain the normal blood sugar level.
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@#AIM: To study the effect of resveratrol on body mass and biochemical parameters of diabetic cataract model rats.<p>METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into blank group, model group and treatment group with 10 rats for each. Rats in the blank group were not treated. Rats in the model group and the treatment group were modeled. Rats in the treatment group were intervened with astragalol. Lens opacity, body mass, body growth and biochemical indexes of rats in each group were detected. The right eyeballs of rats in the three groups were stained with HE.<p>RESULTS: The rats in the blank group had transparent lens and no opacity; the degree of lens opacity and the overall score of cataract in the treatment group were better than those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05); at 3rd and 5th weeks, the body weight and length of the rats in the treatment group were higher than those in the model group, and the levels of FPG and 2hPG were lower than those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05); after 5wk, the biochemical indexes in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Astragall can improve the degree of lens opacity in diabetic cataract rats, alleviate the effect of disease on the body weight of rats, regulate the level of blood sugar and biochemical indicators in rats, and alleviate the progress of cataract.
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Background: This study was designed to compare adverse effects on serum lipid profile and blood sugar level in the treatment with two commonly used drugs perindopril and telmisartan in cases of hypertension. This was an “observational” and “cross-sectional” study. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in each, Groups A and B. In both groups, half the patients were given perindopril 4 mg OD and half were given telmisartan 40 mg OD for 24 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) level was estimated initially and then at 4th, 12th, and 24th week. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Results: With perindopril initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TGs, FBS, and PPBS in Groups A and B were 190.32, 49.76, 117.96, 165.04, 84.56, 122.60, and 188.80, 51.64, 118.52, 159.12, 93.92, 133.60, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values were 190.84, 50.68, 118.60, 163.84, 83.48, 120.20, and 190.96, 52.04, 118.28, 157.56, 93.96, 133.68, respectively (p > 0.05). With telmisartan, initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, and PPBS in both groups were 188.08, 49.76, 118.84, 167.20, 83.72, 120.68, and 188.08, 46.88, 121.96, 167.84, 91.44, 131.72, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values in both groups were 189.36, 49.80, 120.04, 165.96, 82.60, 118.36 and 186.12, 45.28, 121.08, 167.72, 92.76, 129.56 respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It concluded that both perindopril and telmisartan had not any significant adverse effects on plasma lipid profile and blood sugar level in both groups.
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Various physiological parameters like blood pressure, temperature, blood sugar after onset of stroke have been proposed as possible marker of stroke prognosis to study the glycaemic status after acute stroke and assess the role of glycaemic status along with other clinical parameters in influencing stroke outcome. Forty-two confirmed stroke patients attending hospital within 6 hours of onset of stroke onset were included in the study. The time lag for hospitalization, blood pressure, blood sugar, HbA1c, stroke severity according to Toronto Scale, demographic factors, stroke onset type, type of stroke, past history of stroke, diabetes, and hypertension were recorded. The outcome was whether patient survived at the end of forth week. Twenty-one percent of patients who were not known diabetic found to be hyperglycemic though their HBA1C level was normal. Eighty-nine percent of such patients died. This rate was significantly higher than patients known to be diabetic with raised sugar and HBA1c level (26% patients, 12% mortality). There was strong and significant association between stroke severity and poor outcome. Strong and significant association was also found between stroke severity and blood sugar level. Modeling of stroke outcome using decision tree analysis (QUEST) found stroke severity as most important and significant predictor especially for severe stroke cases. In mild and moderately severe stroke, high sugar level was found to be a predictor, though not statistically significant.This study suggests that stroke severity is the most important predictor of stroke outcome, with high sugar level as a marker of stroke severity.
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Stroke , Biomarkers , Sugars , Blood GlucoseABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of steroid injection on the blood sugar level in shoulder pain patients with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Fifteen patients with shoulder pain and diagnosed diabetes mellitus were included. The blood sugar, insulin, cortisol and HbA1c level were measured before and twice (at 24 hours and 1 week) following a intraarticular, intratendinous or intrabursal injection containing triamcinolone. Statistical significance was determined by the paired t-test. RESULTS: The blood sugar, insulin and HbA1c levels had no significant difference between before and after steoid injection (p>0.05). But, the cortisol level significantly fell at 24 hours after steroid injection compared with preinjection level and returned to preinjection level by 1 week after steroid injection (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: One time triamcinolone injection resulted in significant suppression of cortisol level, but it returned to preinjection level after a week. The blood level of sugar, insulin and HbA1c showed no significant change after one time steroid injection.
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Humans , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus , Hydrocortisone , Insulin , Shoulder Pain , Shoulder , TriamcinoloneABSTRACT
Blood sugar levels were measured in patients anesthetized with halothane and compared to those with Thalamonal. The effect of preoperative starvation, surgical and anesthetic tension and postoperative pain on the level of blood sugar were also studied. The results were as follows: 1) None of the patient has showed hypoglycemia of under 60mg% by 10~14 hours of fasting before anesthesia. 2) Preoperative apprehension or anxiety without premedication had not seemed to raise the blood sugar level. 3) At 15 minutes after induction, increase in blood sugar level was remarkable in Thalsmonal group, while it was insignificant in halothane group(p<0.01). 4) At 5 minutes after skin incision, there was again a remarkable increase in blood sugar level in Thalsmonal group and insignificant change in halothane group. 5) At 1 hour after induction, blood sugar level has increased significantly in both group(p<0.01). 6) At 30 minutes after termination of anesthesia, blood sugar levels were significantly high compared to preoperative levels. 7) There was no significant difference in change in blood sugar level between two groups. 8) Conclusively, surgery and/or anesthesia regardless of agents could be stressful enough to cause elevation of blood sugar level but it did not seem to cause clinically significant hyperglycemia because all the blood sugar values obtained from this study were within 60 to 200mg%.